Jan 20, 2014 · 1. Introduction. Recently, synthetic polyelectrolytes, particularly anionic polyacrylamide (A-PAM), have been widely used as flocculants in wastewater treatment due to their efficiency, the reduced cost of chemical usage, and the smaller quantity required , , .Common commercial anionic polyacrylamide (A-PAM) is normally a long-chain synthetic polymer with a …
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