Among the anionic polyelectrolytes, carboxylate –COO −, phosphonate (− PO 3 H −, − PO 3 2 −), and sulfonate (− SO 3 −) are the most common functional groups, whereas cationic polyelectrolytes are mostly comprised of the primary, secondary, and quaternary amino (-NH 2, =NH, and = N + =) groups. The types of ionic groups, their counter ions, and the structures of …
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